Descalants are chemical agents specifically formulated to remove scale deposits from boilers, heat exchangers, condensers, and other water-handling equipment. Scale buildup, typically caused by calcium, magnesium, and iron deposits, reduces heat transfer efficiency and increases energy consumption. Descalants contain acidic compounds (such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, or citric acid) along with corrosion inhibitors to dissolve scale while protecting metal surfaces.